海南岛橡胶园的小气候特征

MICROCLIMATIC FEATURES IN RUBBER PLANTATIONS OF HAINAN ISLAND

摘要:

海南岛橡胶园是由“防护林—橡胶林(或间种热带作物)—地面人工或天然覆盖”多层复合的人工生态系统。由于太阳能量丰富(净辐射量大),胶林净生产力高。胶林的净收入热量,主要消耗于蒸散耗热,其次是湍流热交换;胶林内得到的净辐射量较小,湍流交换微弱,土壤热通量也不大。林内温度变化和缓、湿润、静风,橡胶人工林生态群落具有森林小气候生态环境的基本特征,其小气候效应类似于热带季雨林(次生林)。

Abstract:

Rubber plantations in Hainan Island can be regarded as an artificial ecological system with multistratification structures, which is consisted of"windbreak forest-rubber tree/interplanted with tropical crops-natural or artificial groundcovering". As solar radiation is abundant in Hainan Island, the potential productivity of the rubber forests is high. According to our investigation, most of the net income of heat on the rubber forests is consumed by evapotranspiration, the second is by turbulent heat exchange. However, the amount of net radiation gained within the forest stands is comparatively low, thus, the turbulent heat exchange and the soil heat flux there are low as well The microclimatic environment within the rubber forests is charecterized by gentle in variation of temperature, humid and windless, which is similar to the microclimatic effect of Tropical Monsoon Rain Forest (in secondary form). Thus, it was demonstrated that the artificial ecological community of rubber forests has the essential feature of the microclimatic ecological environment of natural forest.