利用风廓线雷达研究郑州机场低空急流特征及其对飞行的影响

STUDY ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF LOW-LEVEL JET AND ITS IMPACT ON FLIGHTS AT ZHENGZHOU AIRPORT BASED ON WIND PROFILER RADAR DATA

关键词:  大气探测  统计特征  风廓线雷达  低空急流  郑州机场  飞机复飞

Key words:  atmospheric sounding  statistical characteristics  wind profile radar  low-level jet  Zhengzhou Airport: aircraft reflight

摘要:

利用2016、2017年郑州机场高分辨率边界层风廓线雷达半小时平均观测资料，对机场上空低空急流时空分布特征进行统计研究，结果表明：夏末、秋季低空急流出现次数相对较少，春季、夏初是高发时期，冬季易出现较强的超低空急流，只有春季风速从低层到高层呈现先增大后减小、再增大的变化过程，8月末可能是急流的时空转换期；夜间和凌晨是高发时段，白天降低30%～40%，一般情况下，00—12时(世界时，下同)急流较弱，12时后明显增强向上发展，19时开始减弱，持续至21时；急流中心最大风速一半以上在12～18 m/s，高度集中在60～180 m和300～900 m，超低空急流占大部分，夜间出现最大风速的概率远高于白天；低空急流发生高度大部分在飞机起飞或着陆的范围内，使飞机复飞概率增加，对夜间航班影响更大。

Abstract:

The spatial and temporal distribution features of a low-level jet are statistically studied, based on the half-hour average observation data of a high-resolution boundary layer wind profile radar at Zhengzhou Airport in 2016 and 2017. Results show that the low-level jet occurs relatively less frequent in late summer and autumn. In spring and early summer, there is a high incidence period. Ultra-low jets are easy to appear in winter. Spring is the only season in which the wind speed increases first, then decreases, and increases again from lower to upper level. The temporal and spatial transition period of jet streams may be at the end of August. Low-level jets occur frequently at night and early morning, but reduce by about 30%～40% during the day. The jet stream is usually weak between 00:00 and 12:00 (UTC, the same below), significantly increases after 12:00 and begins to weaken at 19:00, before dissipating at about 21:00. More than half of the maximum wind speed at the center of the jet stream is in 12～18 m/s, and the jet height is concentrated at 60～180 m and 300～900 m. Ultra-low jets are the majority. The probability of maximum wind speed appearing at night is higher than that in the daytime. The altitude of a low-level jet is mostly within the range of take-off and landing of the aircraft. So it is easy to cause aircraft to overfly, and the impact on nighttime flights is greater.