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气候变化下广东气候舒适度时空演变特征分析
杨颖璨, 许艾米, 朱平, 李文慧
广东省气象服务中心,广东 广州 510641
摘要:
为促进生态气候旅游产业发展,提升广东气候资源开发利用效率。利用广东省 1981—2020 年的气象观测数据,以温湿指数(THI)、风效指数(K)、着衣指数(ICL)为基础,通过熵值法建立广东省舒适度综合指数(CCI),并对广东省不同区域气候舒适度时空演变特征进行研究。结果表明:广东年均体感舒适日数为 220~260日,其中粤北最多,粤西最少。各区域全年分为两个明显气候舒适期,第一舒适期从每年 1月 1日开始,在 4—6月期间按粤西-珠三角-粤东-粤北的顺序结束;在 9—11月期间以粤北-珠三角(粤东)-粤西的顺序进入第二舒适期,12 月 31 日结束。受区域气候变化影响,广东各区域年均气候舒适度逐渐降低,第一舒适期结束时间提前,第二舒适期开始时间推后,年均体感舒适日数减少,区域气候舒适度极端性增大,极闷热等级日数明显增加,这一定程度上加剧了广东夏季旅游的高温风险,各区域在进行旅游气象服务时需重点关注夏季极端性高温天气影响。
关键词:  气候变化  气候舒适度  生态旅游
DOI:10.16032/j.issn.1004-4965.2024.069
分类号:
基金项目:
YANG Yingcan, XU Aimi, ZHU Ping, LI Wenhui
Guangdong Meteorological Service Center, Guangzhou 510641, China
Abstract:
To further develop the eco-tourism industry and optimize the utilization of regional climate resources, the present study comprehensively analyzed the spatial and temporal characteristics of climate comfort periods in Guangdong Province. Drawing on observational data from 1981 to 2020 in Guangdong Province, the present study employed indices such as temperature humidity index, wind efficiency index, and clothing index to establish the Guangdong Province Comfort Comprehensive Index (CCI) through the entropy method. The spatiotemporal characteristics of climate comfort periods in different regions of Guangdong were also investigated. The results showed that the annual average of comfortable days in Guangdong ranges from approximately 220 to 260, with the northern part enjoying the highest number and the western region experiencing the lowest. In Guangdong, there are two distinct climate comfort periods throughout the year. The first comfort period starts from January 1st each year and ends between April and June, with western Guangdong experiencing the earliest end, followed by the Pearl River Delta, eastern Guangdong, and finally, northern Guangdong. The second comfort period spans from September to November, culminating on December 31st, with the onset commencing first in northern Guangdong, followed by the Pearl River Delta/ eastern Guangdong, and finally, western Guangdong. Affected by regional climate change, the average annual climate comfort level in various regions of Guangdong is gradually decreasing, which is manifested in the earlier termination of the first comfort period and the delayed onset of the second. The average number of comfortable days per year has decreased, while the number of extremely humid days has increased significantly. This trend exacerbates the high-temperature risk associated with summer tourism in Guangdong, necessitating special attention to the impact of extreme heat conditions.
Key words:  climate change  climate comfort  ECO-tourism
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