三套闪电定位系统在广东河源观测结果对比研究

Comparison of Detection Data from Three Lightning Location Systems in Heyuan,Guangdong Province

关键词:  闪电定位系统  时空分布  雷电流峰值  相对定位精度  聚类分析法  区域观测对比

Key words:  lightning location system  spatiotemporal distribution  lightning current amplitude  relative positioning accuracy  clustering method  regional observational comparison

摘要:

基于2021—2023年广东省三套闪电定位系统（地球网络全闪系统EN、全闪三维闪电定位系统DDW1和粤港澳闪电定位系统GHMLLS）数据资料，综合对比了各系统在广东河源的观测结果差异，包括闪电观测数量、时空分布、雷电流峰值及定位偏差等方面。结果表明：（1）在观测数量上，三年内GHMLLS总闪电次数达85.5万次，远超EN（40.9万次）和DDW1（16.0万次）。其中，EN与GHMLLS记录的云闪占各自总数的81%和84%，而DDW1云闪仅占比59%；GHMLLS地闪平均回击次数达6.37次，约为EN和DDW1的4倍；2023年DDW1组网优化成效明显，地闪次数（4.1万次）反超GHMLLS（4.0万次）和EN（2.5万次）。（2）在时间分布上，三套系统呈现相同的时间分布特征，即5—9月为全年闪电高发月份，11—20时（北京时）为日内闪电高频时段；空间分布上，三套系统观测结果呈近似的分布特征，河源地闪活动集中于其西南部。三套系统记录的地闪雷电流峰值强度均集中在10~20kA，且呈单峰分布。（3）典型雷暴个例中，DDW1与GHMLLS的地闪回击时空匹配概率超60%，优于二者分别与EN的匹配组合；三套系统地闪定位结果的平均相对距离偏差为1.1~1.6km，且河源东北部偏差大于南部。研究成果增进了对三套闪电定位系统探测效能的认知，为多源区域闪电定位资料的合理高效应用提供可靠依据。

Abstract:

This study presents a comprehensive comparison of lightning detection capabilities among three systems (EN, DDW1, and GHMLLS) in Heyuan, Guangdong, utilizing 2021-2023 observational data, encompassing lightning counts, spatiotemporal distributions, peak currents, and positioning deviations. Key findings are as follows. (1) GHMLLS recorded 854 525 total lightning events, substantially exceeding EN (409 448) and DDW1 (160 086). Cloud-to-cloud (CC) lightning dominated EN (81%) and GHMLLS (84%) observations, contrasting with DDW1's lower CC proportion (59%). GHMLLS demonstrated superior sensitivity to ground flash return strokes, averaging 6.37 strokes per flash-fourfold, approximately four times that of EN and DDW1. After post-optimization in 2023, DDW1 outperformed others in Cloud- to-Ground (CG) lightning (41 519 vs. GHMLLS' 39 784 and EN's 25 491). (2) In terms of temporal distribution, all three systems exhibited consistent seasonal and diurnal patterns, identifying May to September as the peak lightning months annually, and 11:00 to 20:00 (Beijing Time) as the high-frequency diurnal period. Spatially, the observational results from the three systems presented similar characteristics, with ground flashes clustering in Heyuan's southwest. The peak intensities of the CG lightning currents of all systems exhibited a single-peak distribution (10-20 kA). (3) In a typical thunderstorm case, the system consistency analysis showed DDW1-GHMLLS spatiotemporal matching probability exceeding 60%, outperforming EN-involved combinations. The average relative distance deviations of CG localization among the three systems ranged from 1.1-1.6 km, with northeastern Heyuan exhibiting larger discrepancies than southern regions. These findings enhance the understanding of multi-system lightning detection variances and provide actionable insights for optimizing regional lightning data applications in meteorological monitoring and disaster prevention.